Category: Maven

IaC for vRealize: Updating Archetypes and Adding Boilerplate For Your vRO Actions

Gavin StephensLeave a comment

Welcome to the 5th post in the series. This is going to be a relatively small post where we will take a look at archetypes and how to update these and also discuss a standard layout for creating vRO Actions. At this stage, the focus is on ensuring that we have everything required when creating new projects, instead of having to add new files to the project or modify existing ones.

Archetype

By now you have come across the term ‘archetype‘ when working with Maven. If you’re not a Java developer or ever worked with Maven before, then you likely have no idea what this means in the context of creating projects.

Here is a dictionary definition for archetype:

So if we look at the first definition, we can think of a Maven archetype as a model for our projects. In essence, think of an archetype as a ‘template’ for Maven projects.

Notice what happens when we create a project for the first time, we would execute a command similar to this:

mvn archetype:generate -DinteractiveMode=false -DarchetypeGroupId=com.vmware.pscoe.o11n.archetypes -DarchetypeArtifactId=package-actions-archetype -DarchetypeVersion=1.5.11 -DgroupId=com.simplygeek.library -DartifactId=nsx

We specify ‘archetype:generate‘, which tells Maven that the project should be generated from an existing archetype. We also specify ‘archetypeGroupId‘, ‘archetypeArtifactId‘, and ‘archetypeVersion‘, which tells Maven how to find the archetype.

Once we have executed the above command, Maven will download several artefacts that it requires for the project. Once this task completes, you will have a directory structure that looks something like the following (depending on what type of project you are creating):

The ‘src‘ directory also includes a ‘main‘ and ‘test‘ subdirectory that includes a sample Action and unit test.

This directory structure and the files have been predefined inside of an archetype. When a new project is created, Maven downloads this archetype and unpacks the contents to form the project directory. This means that every project that we create will look the same.

But what if we want to change this, or perhaps add additional files or update existing ones? Well, it’s quite easy, we just have to locate the artefact for the archetype and update it.

Update Existing Archetype

If you think back to the very first post, we downloaded the vRealize Build Tools package from the VMware flings website. From within this package, there was an ‘iac-maven-repository.zip‘ file, which we copied to a CI server (I used the Artifactory server in my first post). This file includes all the archetypes that are used for our projects.

Depending on which project type you create, the following archetypes are available:

  • iac-maven-repository/com/vmware/pscoe/o11n/archetypes/package-actions-archetype
  • iac-maven-repository/com/vmware/pscoe/o11n/archetypes/package-mixed-archetype
  • iac-maven-repository/com/vmware/pscoe/o11n/archetypes/package-vrealize-archetype
  • iac-maven-repository/com/vmware/pscoe/o11n/archetypes/package-xml-archetype
  • iac-maven-repository/com/vmware/pscoe/vra/archetypes/package-vra-archetype

Inside each of these directories, there is a ‘<version>/<archetype>-<version>.jar‘ file and an associated pom file. For a JS based project, you will see:

The jar file is just a zip file and can be opened with any zip software. When you open this file (I’m using 7Zip on WIndows) then you will see two folders, ‘META-INF‘ and ‘archetype-resources‘.

If you navigate into ‘archetype-resources‘, you will see the same folder structure that you get when creating a new project. Read more “IaC for vRealize: Updating Archetypes and Adding Boilerplate For Your vRO Actions”

IaC for vRealize: Define Dependencies, Manage Versions, Prepare & Release Packages & Deploy Artifacts

Gavin StephensLeave a comment

Welcome to the third part in the series working with the vRealize Build Tools. At this stage, you should have a fully working CI infrastructure and have all of your vRO code exported using packages and stored in Git repositories. In this post, I will show you how to manage dependencies across your packages and how you can use the Maven plugins to automatically update packages so that they are using the latest dependency versions.

I will also show you how to manage versioning for development (Snapshots) and production (release) code. Once we have our versioning in place, I will detail how to prepare the releases and finally push the artefacts to the Artifactory repositories, which can be picked up by a release pipeline (something I will cover in much more detail in a later post).

I also want to point out that I had to update my previous post to include the git scm connections in your pom.xml files, as this is required for this post, so make sure to go back and check that out.

Understanding Snapshot vs Release Versions

The first thing to understand is the ‘-SNAPSHOT‘ string that is suffixed to package versions. You will have noticed that all of the package versions you created in my previous post, were version ‘1.0.0-SNAPSHOT’. This suffix tells Maven that the code inside this package is in a development stage and not suitable for production release. The Maven release plugins understand this and will prevent the dependency handler from including these as valid dependencies for your packages, as this could result in unstable code (though, they can be defined manually).

If you are following these posts, then currently, all your packages will be at version 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT. Don’t worry, we will change this later, but for now, accept this as-is.

Define Dependencies

In my previous post, I provided an example of 3 packages that I have created. I also created a table that detailed the ‘groupId‘ and ‘artifactId‘ for these packages. I am going to extend this table to list their dependencies on other packages. I have kept this simple, in that no dependencies exist outside of these 3 packages.

A dependency exists when one package is calling code from another package (typically with a System.getModule()). When dependencies are mapped, their artefacts and required versions are released as part of the release process.

groupId artifactId Dependency
com.simplygeek.library logger
com.simplygeek.library rest logger
com.simplygeek.library nsx logger
rest

I have added the ‘Dependency‘ column, which lists the projects/artefacts that this package depends on. All of my packages depend on ‘logger‘, whereas ‘nsx‘ also depends on ‘rest‘.

We now need to add some XML to the projects ‘pom.xml‘ file, that is located at the root of the project folder. These are ‘<dependencies>‘ tags that are used to define a set of ‘<dependency>‘ tags for the project. You should insert these tags immediately after the ‘<packaging>‘ tags but before the ‘<scm>‘ tags.

We also want to omit ‘-SNAPSHOT‘ from the version, since we’ll be pushing actual releases.

Below is an example of what the dependency XML insert looks like for the ‘rest‘ package:

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.simplygeek.library</groupId>
        <artifactId>logger</artifactId>
        <type>package</type>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

Once you have completed defining your dependencies, save the ‘pom.xml‘ file and make sure to commit the changes to git.

Repeat this process for all of your projects.

Prepare & Release Packages

Maven provides several lifecycle phases and goals that can be used to prepare and perform the releases. We will also need to push the release artefacts to the Artifactory repositories, as this will be queried for dependencies when releasing a package that has any defined.

You should first be focusing on all the core projects that make up most of your dependencies. Also, start with the projects that have dependencies in the lowest order, i.e. the ‘logger‘ project has no dependencies, so that will be released first, ‘rest‘ depends on ‘logger‘, so that will be released next, etc.

For all the release tasks, we’re going to specify the ‘release‘ plugin followed by the goal. We will use the following goals:

  • Clean
  • Prepare
  • Perform

Read more “IaC for vRealize: Define Dependencies, Manage Versions, Prepare & Release Packages & Deploy Artifacts”

IaC for vRealize: Manage Existing vRO Code With vRealize Build Tools & Set up Git Repositories

Gavin Stephens9 Comments

In my previous post on Deploying vRealize Build Tools To Allow Infrastructure As Code for vRA and vRO, I covered how to set up the CI infrastructure and your developer workstation, in preparation for managing your vRO code as projects with Visual Studio Code and Maven. In this post, I will explain how you can work with your existing code base and manage it using the build tools. A major part of this will be creating and managing new projects that will map to our existing code in vRO.

Once projects have been created, I will detail how Git repositories can be used to store and manage your vRO code, and then we can map your project dependencies and allow development teams to work collaboratively, without risk of overwriting the work of others (a major problem when developing using the vRO client). Git is going to bring some very useful processes and methodologies to the table such as branching, tagging and merge conflict resolution.

I also want to point out that I am currently only focusing on Actions, as I believe this is where all your code should exist. I will have followup posts that will cover strategies for managing Workflows and other items.

Setting Up GitLab

One thing that I didn’t cover in my previous post, was setting up Git. I purposely reserved this topic for this post, as it was more relevant. To start, you will need to have a GitLab server deployed that can be used to create the repositories for storing your vRO projects. You can use GitHub if you so wish, it doesn’t matter too much, but using GitLab doesn’t require that your environments have access to the Internet. GitLab also allows you to create groups to organise multiple repositories, which is going to be useful.

If you need to install GitLab, then there is a good guide on VULTR, that details how to install GitLab and enable HTTPS.

Create User

You should be using your user account when working with Git and not the default root account. So log into the admin area and create a new local account for your personal use. Alternatively, you can also configure GitLab to allow users from Active Directory to log in, you can use the guide provided by Git here.

Create a Personal Access Token

Once you have a Git user account set up, you will need to create a Personal Access Token. An Access Token can be used instead of a password when authenticating with Git over HTTPS. This will provide safer storage of user credentials in the Git configuration files.

Click on the profile icon on the top right of the page and select Settings:

On the Settings page select Access Tokens.

On the ‘Add a personal access token‘ page, give the access token a name and the ‘write_repository‘ permissions. Set an expiry date if you wish, or leave blank to never expire.

Once you click ‘Create personal access token‘, the token will be displayed. You will need to copy and save this token somewhere safe as you will not be able to view it again. If you lose this token, you will have to create a new one to replace it.

Create a Group

A Group allows multiple projects/repositories to be created under a single namespace. This is useful when a project spans many repositories and you need to keep these together so that they are easy to locate and manage. Our vRO projects will be using multiple repositories, therefore we’ll great a Group for these. A Group also simplifies granting access to projects, as collaborators can be granted access to the group and inherently, the projects it contains.

To create a new group, select ‘Groups‘ from the main menu at the top and then select ‘Your groups‘.

Click the ‘New group‘ button and give your group a name and settings that you require (I simply called my group ‘vRO’).

We will create all vRO projects under this new group.

Install Git Client

You will also need to install the Git client for your workstation. You can download the client for your OS here. Read more “IaC for vRealize: Manage Existing vRO Code With vRealize Build Tools & Set up Git Repositories”

IaC for vRealize: Deploying vRealize Build Tools To Allow Infrastructure As Code for vRA and vRO

Gavin Stephens33 Comments

As any vRealize Orchestrator developer will tell you, managing code outside of the appliance is difficult. I recently wrote a post about Using Visual Studio Code for your vRealize Orchestrator Development, where I highlighted some of the challenges with this. The issue is that we’re not given the freedom to use any IDE we want, easily run unit tests on our code or do continuous integration with tools like Jenkins.

I did mention that a couple of solutions were going to make their way, one of these was internal tooling that VMware’s CoE team currently uses for their vRO development (you can read the article here: https://blogs.vmware.com/management/2018/11/automating-at-scale-with-vro-and-vra.html). It wasn’t possible to get access to these tools without engaging with CoE and forking up a bit of cash.

That is until now, as VMware has released these tools as a new fling. The fling is currently in preview, but you can check it out here: https://labs.vmware.com/flings/vrealize-build-tools. I think this is quite an exciting time for VMware developers as these tools could finally change the way we develop and manage our code and integrate into the wider developer ecosystem.

This is my first blog on this topic but if I find these tools useful, then there will be plenty more to follow. Getting the environment set up to use these tools is not straight forward and has several dependencies. These include deploying supporting infrastructure such as JFrog Artifactory, preparing all the required artefacts that are sourced from the vRO server and getting the workstation set up to create and manage packages.

Deploy and Configure Platform

Before the developer can begin using the vRealize Build Tools, the supporting platform has to be deployed and configured. This consists of setting up an Artifactory server to store Maven artefacts and build dependencies and preparing the artefact repositories.

Deploy Artifactory Server (skip if you already have this deployed)

This section will detail how to set up the Artifactory server and required dependencies. Note that the details below only deploy a single Artifactory node with the database instance running on the same machine. It is recommended that for a production environment to ensure Artificatory is deployed with high availability and connects to external/dedicated database instances.

Install Java Development Kit (JDK)

JFrog Artifactory requires the Java JDK 8 and above to be installed and the JAVA_HOME variable configured. I am using the Open Source version of these tools. Install using the following command:

sudo yum install -y java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel

Add the following lines to ‘/etc/profile‘ to set the ‘JAVA_HOME‘ environment variable and add the Java bin directory to the path.

export JAVA_HOME=$(dirname $(dirname $(readlink $(readlink $(which javac)))))
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

This is what my ‘/etc/profile‘ looks like:

Then source the file and check that the variables have been correctly configured:

source /etc/profile
env | grep JAVA_HOME
env | grep PATH

Read more “IaC for vRealize: Deploying vRealize Build Tools To Allow Infrastructure As Code for vRA and vRO”